2HeHelium4.00260221s²
noble gas

Helium

Helium is a chemical element with symbol He and atomic number 2. It is a colorless, odorless, tasteless, non-toxic, inert, monatomic gas that heads the noble gas group in the periodic table. Its boiling and melting points are the lowest among all the elements.

Electronic structure

A stylized shell model. Electrons are quantum objects, not particles following these literal paths. Sizes and motion are illustrative.

Electrons by shell
Electron configuration
1s2
Properties

At a glance

Atomic number
2
Atomic mass
4.002602 u
Phase
Gas
Density
0.1786 g/L
Melting point
0.95 K
Boiling point
4.222 K
First ionization energy
2,372.3 kJ/mol
Electronegativity
Unavailable
Electron affinity
-48 kJ/mol
Molar heat capacity
Unavailable
Period
1
Appearance
colorless gas, exhibiting a red-orange glow when placed in a high-voltage electric field

Conditions and isotopes affect measured properties. Some properties of short-lived elements are predicted. Electronegativity uses the Pauling scale.

Keep exploring

Explore the stories, imagery, and reference data in more depth. Properties with no value in the reference are marked unavailable.