45RhRhodium102.905502[Kr] 4d⁸ 5s¹
transition metal

Rhodium

Rhodium is a chemical element with symbol Rh and atomic number 45. It is a rare, silvery-white, hard, and chemically inert transition metal. It is a member of the platinum group.

Electronic structure

A stylized shell model. Electrons are quantum objects, not particles following these literal paths. Sizes and motion are illustrative.

Electrons by shell
Electron configuration
4d8
5s1

36 is the [Kr] core total across four shells.

Properties

At a glance

Atomic number
45
Atomic mass
102.905502 u
Phase
Solid
Density
12.41 g/cm³
Melting point
2,237 K
Boiling point
3,968 K
First ionization energy
719.7 kJ/mol
Electronegativity
2.28
Electron affinity
110.27 kJ/mol
Molar heat capacity
24.98 J/(mol·K)
Period
5
Appearance
silvery white metallic

Conditions and isotopes affect measured properties. Some properties of short-lived elements are predicted. Electronegativity uses the Pauling scale.

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Explore the stories, imagery, and reference data in more depth. Properties with no value in the reference are marked unavailable.