34SeSelenium78.9718[Ar] 3d¹⁰ 4s² 4p⁴
polyatomic nonmetal

Selenium

Selenium is a chemical element with symbol Se and atomic number 34. It is a nonmetal with properties that are intermediate between those of its periodic table column-adjacent chalcogen elements sulfur and tellurium. It rarely occurs in its elemental state in nature, or as pure ore compounds.

Electronic structure

A stylized shell model. Electrons are quantum objects, not particles following these literal paths. Sizes and motion are illustrative.

Electrons by shell
Electron configuration
3d10
4s2
4p4

18 is the [Ar] core total across three shells.

Properties

At a glance

Atomic number
34
Atomic mass
78.9718 u
Phase
Solid
Density
4.81 g/cm³
Melting point
494 K
Boiling point
958 K
First ionization energy
941 kJ/mol
Electronegativity
2.55
Electron affinity
194.9587 kJ/mol
Molar heat capacity
25.363 J/(mol·K)
Period
4
Appearance
black, red, and gray (not pictured) allotropes

Conditions and isotopes affect measured properties. Some properties of short-lived elements are predicted. Electronegativity uses the Pauling scale.

Keep exploring

Explore the stories, imagery, and reference data in more depth. Properties with no value in the reference are marked unavailable.