60NdNeodymium144.2423[Xe] 4f⁴ 6s²
lanthanide
Neodymium
Neodymium is a chemical element with symbol Nd and atomic number 60. It is a soft silvery metal that tarnishes in air. Neodymium was discovered in 1885 by the Austrian chemist Carl Auer von Welsbach.
A stylized shell model. Electrons are quantum objects, not particles following these literal paths. Sizes and motion are illustrative.
Electrons by shell
Electron configuration
4f4
6s2
54 is the [Xe] core total across five shells.
At a glance
- Atomic number
- 60
- Atomic mass
- 144.2423 u
- Phase
- Solid
- Density
- 7.01 g/cm³
- Melting point
- 1,297 K
- Boiling point
- 3,347 K
- First ionization energy
- 533.1 kJ/mol
- Electronegativity
- 1.14
- Electron affinity
- 184.87 kJ/mol
- Molar heat capacity
- 27.45 J/(mol·K)
- Period
- 6
- Appearance
- silvery white
Conditions and isotopes affect measured properties. Some properties of short-lived elements are predicted. Electronegativity uses the Pauling scale.
Keep exploring
Explore the stories, imagery, and reference data in more depth. Properties with no value in the reference are marked unavailable.