26FeIron55.8452[Ar] 3d⁶ 4s²
transition metal

Iron

Iron is a chemical element with symbol Fe (from Latin:ferrum) and atomic number 26. It is a metal in the first transition series. It is by mass the most common element on Earth, forming much of Earth's outer and inner core.

Electronic structure

A stylized shell model. Electrons are quantum objects, not particles following these literal paths. Sizes and motion are illustrative.

Electrons by shell
Electron configuration
3d6
4s2

18 is the [Ar] core total across three shells.

Properties

At a glance

Atomic number
26
Atomic mass
55.8452 u
Phase
Solid
Density
7.874 g/cm³
Melting point
1,811 K
Boiling point
3,134 K
First ionization energy
762.5 kJ/mol
Electronegativity
1.83
Electron affinity
14.785 kJ/mol
Molar heat capacity
25.1 J/(mol·K)
Period
4
Appearance
lustrous metallic with a grayish tinge

Conditions and isotopes affect measured properties. Some properties of short-lived elements are predicted. Electronegativity uses the Pauling scale.

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