50SnTin118.7107[Kr] 4d¹⁰ 5s² 5p²
post-transition metal

Tin

Tin is a chemical element with the symbol Sn (for Latin:stannum) and atomic number 50. It is a main group metal in group 14 of the periodic table. Tin shows a chemical similarity to both neighboring group-14 elements, germanium and lead, and has two possible oxidation states, +2 and the slightly more stable +4.

Electronic structure

A stylized shell model. Electrons are quantum objects, not particles following these literal paths. Sizes and motion are illustrative.

Electrons by shell
Electron configuration
4d10
5s2
5p2

36 is the [Kr] core total across four shells.

Properties

At a glance

Atomic number
50
Atomic mass
118.7107 u
Phase
Solid
Density
7.365 g/cm³
Melting point
505.08 K
Boiling point
2,875 K
First ionization energy
708.6 kJ/mol
Electronegativity
1.96
Electron affinity
107.2984 kJ/mol
Molar heat capacity
27.112 J/(mol·K)
Period
5
Appearance
silvery-white (beta, β) or gray (alpha, α)

Conditions and isotopes affect measured properties. Some properties of short-lived elements are predicted. Electronegativity uses the Pauling scale.

Keep exploring

Explore the stories, imagery, and reference data in more depth. Properties with no value in the reference are marked unavailable.