91PaProtactinium231.035882[Rn] 5f² 6d¹ 7s²
actinide

Protactinium

Protactinium is a chemical element with symbol Pa and atomic number 91. It is a dense, silvery-gray metal which readily reacts with oxygen, water vapor and inorganic acids. It forms various chemical compounds where protactinium is usually present in the oxidation state +5, but can also assume +4 and even +2 or +3 states.

Electronic structure

A stylized shell model. Electrons are quantum objects, not particles following these literal paths. Sizes and motion are illustrative.

Electrons by shell
Electron configuration
5f2
6d1
7s2

86 is the [Rn] core total across six shells.

Properties

At a glance

Atomic number
91
Atomic mass
231.035882 u
Phase
Solid
Density
15.37 g/cm³
Melting point
1,841 K
Boiling point
4,300 K
First ionization energy
568 kJ/mol
Electronegativity
1.5
Electron affinity
53.03 kJ/mol
Molar heat capacity
Unavailable
Period
7
Appearance
bright, silvery metallic luster

Conditions and isotopes affect measured properties. Some properties of short-lived elements are predicted. Electronegativity uses the Pauling scale.

Keep exploring

Explore the stories, imagery, and reference data in more depth. Properties with no value in the reference are marked unavailable.