Vanadium
Vanadium is a chemical element with symbol V and atomic number 23. It is a hard, silvery grey, ductile and malleable transition metal. The element is found only in chemically combined form in nature, but once isolated artificially, the formation of an oxide layer stabilizes the free metal somewhat against further oxidation.
A stylized shell model. Electrons are quantum objects, not particles following these literal paths. Sizes and motion are illustrative.
18 is the [Ar] core total across three shells.
At a glance
- Atomic number
- 23
- Atomic mass
- 50.94151 u
- Phase
- Solid
- Density
- 6 g/cm³
- Melting point
- 2,183 K
- Boiling point
- 3,680 K
- First ionization energy
- 650.9 kJ/mol
- Electronegativity
- 1.63
- Electron affinity
- 50.911 kJ/mol
- Molar heat capacity
- 24.89 J/(mol·K)
- Period
- 4
- Appearance
- blue-silver-grey metal
Conditions and isotopes affect measured properties. Some properties of short-lived elements are predicted. Electronegativity uses the Pauling scale.
Keep exploring
Explore the stories, imagery, and reference data in more depth. Properties with no value in the reference are marked unavailable.