77IrIridium192.2173[Xe] 4f¹⁴ 5d⁷ 6s²
transition metal

Iridium

Iridium is a chemical element with symbol Ir and atomic number 77. A very hard, brittle, silvery-white transition metal of the platinum group, iridium is generally credited with being the second densest element (after osmium) based on measured density, although calculations involving the space lattices of the elements show that iridium is denser. It is also the most corrosion-resistant metal, even at temperatures as high as 2000 °C. Although only certain molten salts and halogens are corrosive to solid iridium, finely divided iridium dust is much more reactive and can be flammable.

Electronic structure

A stylized shell model. Electrons are quantum objects, not particles following these literal paths. Sizes and motion are illustrative.

Electrons by shell
Electron configuration
4f14
5d7
6s2

54 is the [Xe] core total across five shells.

Properties

At a glance

Atomic number
77
Atomic mass
192.2173 u
Phase
Solid
Density
22.56 g/cm³
Melting point
2,719 K
Boiling point
4,403 K
First ionization energy
880 kJ/mol
Electronegativity
2.2
Electron affinity
150.94 kJ/mol
Molar heat capacity
25.1 J/(mol·K)
Period
6
Appearance
silvery white

Conditions and isotopes affect measured properties. Some properties of short-lived elements are predicted. Electronegativity uses the Pauling scale.

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